inz-india

Introduction Hindi literature stands as one of the richest and most diverse literary traditions in South Asia. Its origins trace back to the 7th and 8th centuries, when oral poetry began to flourish across northern India in various dialects. Today, Modern Standard Hindi based on Khari Boli and written in the Devanagari script serves as the official language of India. Yet Hindi literature extends far beyond Khari Boli. It embraces a wide spectrum of dialects such as Brajbhasa, Bundeli, Awadhi, Marwari, Maithili, and Bhojpuri, each contributing uniquely to the cultural and literary heritage of the region. The earliest works of Hindi literature were oral compositions designed for recitation or singing. Passed down through generations, these poems and songs formed the foundation of the tradition. Poetry dominated the early landscape, while prose emerged much later. A landmark in Hindi prose was Chandrakanta, a fantasy novel by Devaki Nandan Khatri, which marked a turning point in the l...

Introduction Situated in the southern state of Tamil Nadu, Pudukkottai district is a region where history, culture, and spirituality blend seamlessly. Officially recognized as a district in January 1974 after being carved out of Tiruchirappalli and Thanjavur, Pudukkottai spans 4,663 square kilometres. Its 39-kilometre-long coastline along the Bay of Bengal not only enhances its geographical significance but also contributes to its economic activities, particularly fishing and maritime trade. Geographically, the district lies between 78°25′ and 79°15′ Eastern longitudes and 9°50′ and 10°40′ Northern latitudes. It shares borders with Tiruchirappalli to the north and west, Sivaganga to the south, Thanjavur to the northeast, and the Bay of Bengal to the east. This strategic location has made Pudukkottai a centre of commerce, cultural exchange, and spiritual heritage in Tamil Nadu. Historical Background The history of Pudukkottai is deeply rooted in the legacy of the Thondaiman rulers...